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<div class="section" id="using-reticulum-on-your-system">
<span id="using-main"></span><h1>Using Reticulum on Your System<a class="headerlink" href="#using-reticulum-on-your-system" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module.
This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it. It
is also very light-weight, and easy to transfer to and install on new systems.
Any program or application that uses Reticulum will automatically load and
initialise Reticulum when it starts.</p>
<p>In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
program can now communicate over any Reticulum networks available. If another
program starts up and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the
instance is simply shared. This works for any number of programs running
concurrently, and is very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there
are other options.</p>
<div class="section" id="included-utility-programs">
<h2>Included Utility Programs<a class="headerlink" href="#included-utility-programs" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
other programs, applications and services can utilise.</p>
<div class="section" id="the-rnsd-utility">
<h3>The rnsd Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnsd-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>To do so is very easy. Simply run the included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> command. When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code>
is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
Reticulum network it is configured for.</p>
<p>You can even run multiple instances of rnsd with different configurations on
the same system.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Install Reticulum
pip3 install rns
# Run rnsd
rnsd
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-v, --verbose
-q, --quiet
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can easily add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as an always-on service by <a class="reference internal" href="#using-systemd"><span class="std std-ref">configuring a service</span></a>.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-rnstatus-utility">
<h3>The rnstatus Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnstatus-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
interfaces, similar to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ifconfig</span></code> program.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnstatus
rnstatus
# Example output
Shared Instance[37428]
Status : Up
Serving : 1 program
Rate : 1.00 Gbps
Traffic : 83.13 KB↑
86.10 KB↓
AutoInterface[Local]
Status : Up
Mode : Full
Rate : 10.00 Mbps
Peers : 1 reachable
Traffic : 63.23 KB↑
80.17 KB↓
TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Frankfurt/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
Status : Up
Mode : Full
Rate : 10.00 Mbps
Traffic : 187.27 KB↑
74.17 KB↓
RNodeInterface[RNode UHF]
Status : Up
Mode : Access Point
Rate : 1.30 kbps
Access : 64-bit IFAC by &lt;…e702c42ba8&gt;
Traffic : 8.49 KB↑
9.23 KB↓
Reticulum Transport Instance &lt;5245a8efe1788c6a70e1&gt; running
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnstatus [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-a] [-v]
Reticulum Network Stack Status
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-a, --all show all interfaces
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-rnpath-utility">
<h3>The rnpath Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnpath-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code> utility, you can look up and view paths for
destinations on the Reticulum network.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnpath
rnpath eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61
# Example output
Path found, destination &lt;eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61&gt; is 4 hops away via &lt;56b115c30cd386cad69c&gt; on TCPInterface[Testnet/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnpath.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-t] [-r] [-d] [-D] [-w seconds] [-v] [destination]
Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
positional arguments:
destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-t, --table show all known paths
-r, --rates show announce rate info
-d, --drop remove the path to a destination
-D, --drop-announces drop all queued announces
-w seconds timeout before giving up
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="the-rnprobe-utility">
<h3>The rnprobe Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnprobe-utility" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ping</span></code> program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
destinations will not have this option enabled, and will not be probable.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span># Run rnprobe
python3 -m RNS.Utilities.rnprobe example_utilities.echo.request 9382f334de63217a4278
# Example output
Sent 16 byte probe to &lt;9382f334de63217a4278&gt;
Valid reply received from &lt;9382f334de63217a4278&gt;
Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
</pre></div>
</div>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnprobe.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [full_name] [destination_hash]
Reticulum Probe Utility
positional arguments:
full_name full destination name in dotted notation
destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="improving-system-configuration">
<h2>Improving System Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#improving-system-configuration" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
These changes will be detailed here.</p>
<div class="section" id="fixed-serial-port-names">
<h3>Fixed Serial Port Names<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-serial-port-names" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>On a Reticulum instance with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
beneficial to use the fixed device names for the serial ports, instead
of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ttyUSB0</span></code>. Under most
Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
can be found under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/serial/by-id</span></code>.</p>
<p>You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
type = KISSInterface
interface_enabled = True
outgoing = true
port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
speed = 115200
databits = 8
parity = none
stopbits = 1
preamble = 150
txtail = 10
persistence = 200
slottime = 20
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when device name
assignment varies from one boot to another.</p>
</div>
<div class="section" id="reticulum-as-a-system-service">
<span id="using-systemd"></span><h3>Reticulum as a System Service<a class="headerlink" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h3>
<p>Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as a system
service and have it start automatically at boot.</p>
<p>If you installed Reticulum with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program will most likely
be located in a user-local installation path only, which means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">systemd</span></code> will not
be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program
into a directory that is in systemd’s path:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can then create the service file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service</span></code> with the
following content:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit]
Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
# or other devices that need some extra
# time to initialise, you might want to
# add a short delay before Reticulum is
# started by systemd:
# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
User=USERNAMEHERE
ExecStart=rnsd --service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Be sure to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USERNAMEHERE</span></code> with the user you want to run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as.</p>
<p>To manually start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> run:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl start rnsd
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> at boot, run:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl enable rnsd
</pre></div>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using Reticulum on Your System</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#included-utility-programs">Included Utility Programs</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnsd-utility">The rnsd Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnstatus-utility">The rnstatus Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnpath-utility">The rnpath Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnprobe-utility">The rnprobe Utility</a></li>
</ul>
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<li><a class="reference internal" href="#improving-system-configuration">Improving System Configuration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixed-serial-port-names">Fixed Serial Port Names</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service">Reticulum as a System Service</a></li>
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