263 lines
7.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
263 lines
7.6 KiB
ReStructuredText
.. _using-main:
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******************************
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Using Reticulum on Your System
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******************************
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Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
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of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module.
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This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it.
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Any program or application that uses Reticulum will automatically load and
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initialise Reticulum when it starts.
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In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
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Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
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program can now communicate over Reticulum. If another program starts up
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and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the instance is simply
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shared. This works for any number of programs running concurrently, and is
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very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there are other options.
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Included Utility Programs
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-------------------------
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If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
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Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
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a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
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other programs, applications and services can utilise.
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The rnsd Utility
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================
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To do so is very easy. Simply run the included ``rnsd`` command. When ``rnsd``
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is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
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it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
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Reticulum network it is configured for.
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You can even run multiple instances of rnsd with different configurations on
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the same system.
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.. code:: text
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# Install Reticulum
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pip3 install rns
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# Run rnsd
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rnsd
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
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Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose
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-q, --quiet
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--version show program's version number and exit
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You can easily add ``rnsd`` as an always-on service by :ref:`configuring a service<using-systemd>`.
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The rnstatus Utility
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====================
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Using the ``rnstatus`` utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
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interfaces, similar to the ``ifconfig`` program.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnstatus
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rnstatus
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# Example output
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Shared Instance[37428]
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Status: Up
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Connected applications: 1
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RX: 1.13 KB
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TX: 1.07 KB
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UDPInterface[Default UDP Interface/0.0.0.0:4242]
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Status: Up
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RX: 1.01 KB
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TX: 1.01 KB
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TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Frankfurt/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
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Status: Up
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RX: 1.37 KB
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TX: 9.02 KB
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnsd [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [--version]
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Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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-v, --verbose
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-q, --quiet
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--version show program's version number and exit
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The rnpath Utility
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====================
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With the ``rnpath`` utility, you can look up and view paths for
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destinations on the Reticulum network.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnpath
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rnpath eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61
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# Example output
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Path found, destination <eca6f4e4dc26ae329e61> is 4 hops away via <56b115c30cd386cad69c> on TCPInterface[Testnet/frankfurt.rns.unsigned.io:4965]
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnpath.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [destination]
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Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
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positional arguments:
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destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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The rnprobe Utility
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====================
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The ``rnprobe`` utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
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to the ``ping`` program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
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specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
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destinations will not have this option enabled, and will not be probable.
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.. code:: text
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# Run rnprobe
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python3 -m RNS.Utilities.rnprobe example_utilities.echo.request 9382f334de63217a4278
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# Example output
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Sent 16 byte probe to <9382f334de63217a4278>
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Valid reply received from <9382f334de63217a4278>
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Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
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.. code:: text
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usage: rnprobe.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-v] [full_name] [destination_hash]
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Reticulum Probe Utility
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positional arguments:
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full_name full destination name in dotted notation
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destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
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optional arguments:
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-h, --help show this help message and exit
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--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
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--version show program's version number and exit
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-v, --verbose
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Improving System Configuration
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------------------------------
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If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
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few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
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These changes will be detailed here.
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Fixed Serial Port Names
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=======================
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On a Reticulum node with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
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beneficial to use the fixed name device nodes for the serial ports, instead
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of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as ``/dev/ttyUSB0``. Under most
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Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
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can be found under ``/dev/serial/by-id``.
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You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
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Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:
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.. code:: text
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[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
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type = KISSInterface
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interface_enabled = True
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outgoing = true
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port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
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speed = 115200
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databits = 8
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parity = none
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stopbits = 1
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preamble = 150
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txtail = 10
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persistence = 200
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slottime = 20
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Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
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might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when node name
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assignment varies from one boot to another.
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.. _using-systemd:
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Reticulum as a System Service
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=============================
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Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install ``rnsd`` as a system
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service and have it start automatically at boot.
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If you installed Reticulum with ``pip``, the ``rnsd`` program will most likely
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be located in a user-local installation path only, which means ``systemd`` will not
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be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the ``rnsd`` program
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into a directory that is in systemd's path:
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.. code:: text
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sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
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You can then create the service file ``/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service`` with the
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following content:
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.. code:: text
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[Unit]
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Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
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After=multi-user.target
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[Service]
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# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
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# or other devices that need some extra
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# time to initialise, you might want to
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# add a short delay before Reticulum is
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# started by systemd:
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# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
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Type=simple
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Restart=always
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RestartSec=3
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User=USERNAMEHERE
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ExecStart=rnsd --service
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[Install]
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WantedBy=multi-user.target
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Be sure to replace ``USERNAMEHERE`` with the user you want to run ``rnsd`` as.
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To manually start ``rnsd`` run:
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.. code:: text
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sudo systemctl start rnsd
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If you want to automatically start ``rnsd`` at boot, run:
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.. code:: text
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sudo systemctl enable rnsd |