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<div class="section" id="supported-interfaces">
<span id="interfaces-main"></span><h1>Supported Interfaces<a class="headerlink" href="#supported-interfaces" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h1>
<p>Reticulum supports using many kinds of devices as networking interfaces, and
allows you to mix and match them in any way you choose. The number of distinct
network topologies you can create with Reticulum is more or less endless, but
common to them all is that you will need to define one or more <em>interfaces</em>
for Reticulum to use.</p>
<p>The following sections describe the interfaces currently available in Reticulum,
and gives example configurations for the respective interface types.</p>
<p>For a high-level overview of how networks can be formed over different interface
types, have a look at the <a class="reference internal" href="networks.html#networks-main"><span class="std std-ref">Building Networks</span></a> chapter of this
manual.</p>
<div class="section" id="udp-interface">
<span id="interfaces-udp"></span><h2>UDP Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#udp-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>A UDP interface can be useful for communicating over IP networks, both
private and the internet. It can also allow broadcast communication
over IP networks, so it can provide an easy way to enable connectivity
with all other peers on a local area network.</p>
<p>The below example is enabled by default on new Reticulum installations,
as it provides an easy way to get started and to test Reticulum on a
pre-existing LAN.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This example enables communication with other</span>
<span class="c1"># local Reticulum peers over UDP.</span>
<span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Default</span> <span class="n">UDP</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">UDPInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">listen_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">listen_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4242</span>
<span class="n">forward_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">255.255</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">255.255</span>
<span class="n">forward_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4242</span>
<span class="c1"># The above configuration will allow communication</span>
<span class="c1"># within the local broadcast domains of all local</span>
<span class="c1"># IP interfaces. This is enabled by default as an</span>
<span class="c1"># easy way to get started, but you might want to</span>
<span class="c1"># consider altering it to something more specific.</span>
<span class="c1"># Instead of specifying listen_ip, listen_port,</span>
<span class="c1"># forward_ip and forward_port, you can also bind</span>
<span class="c1"># to a specific network device like below.</span>
<span class="c1"># device = eth0</span>
<span class="c1"># port = 4242</span>
<span class="c1"># Assuming the eth0 device has the address</span>
<span class="c1"># 10.55.0.72/24, the above configuration would</span>
<span class="c1"># be equivalent to the following manual setup.</span>
<span class="c1"># Note that we are both listening and forwarding to</span>
<span class="c1"># the broadcast address of the network segments.</span>
<span class="c1"># listen_ip = 10.55.0.255</span>
<span class="c1"># listen_port = 4242</span>
<span class="c1"># forward_ip = 10.55.0.255</span>
<span class="c1"># forward_port = 4242</span>
<span class="c1"># You can of course also communicate only with</span>
<span class="c1"># a single IP address</span>
<span class="c1"># listen_ip = 10.55.0.15</span>
<span class="c1"># listen_port = 4242</span>
<span class="c1"># forward_ip = 10.55.0.16</span>
<span class="c1"># forward_port = 4242</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tcp-server-interface">
<span id="interfaces-tcps"></span><h2>TCP Server Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#tcp-server-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>The TCP Server interface is suitable for allowing other peers to connect over
the Internet or private IP networks. When a TCP server interface has been
configured, other Reticulum peers can connect to it with a TCP Client interface.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This example demonstrates a TCP server interface.</span>
<span class="c1"># It will listen for incoming connections on the</span>
<span class="c1"># specified IP address and port number.</span>
<span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">TCP</span> <span class="n">Server</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TCPServerInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="c1"># This configuration will listen on all IP</span>
<span class="c1"># interfaces on port 4242</span>
<span class="n">listen_ip</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">0.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.0</span>
<span class="n">listen_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4242</span>
<span class="c1"># Alternatively you can bind to a specific IP</span>
<span class="c1"># listen_ip = 10.0.0.88</span>
<span class="c1"># listen_port = 4242</span>
<span class="c1"># Or a specific network device</span>
<span class="c1"># device = eth0</span>
<span class="c1"># port = 4242</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="tcp-client-interface">
<span id="interfaces-tcpc"></span><h2>TCP Client Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#tcp-client-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>To connect to a TCP server interface, you would naturally use the TCP client
interface. Many TCP Client interfaces from different peers can connect to the
same TCP Server interface at the same time.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Here&#39;s an example of a TCP Client interface. The</span>
<span class="c1"># target_host can either be an IP address or a hostname.</span>
<span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">TCP</span> <span class="n">Client</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TCPClientInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">target_host</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mf">127.0</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mf">0.1</span>
<span class="n">target_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4242</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="rnode-lora-interface">
<span id="interfaces-rnode"></span><h2>RNode LoRa Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#rnode-lora-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>To use Reticulum over LoRa, the <a class="reference external" href="https://unsigned.io/rnode/">RNode</a> interface
can be used, and offers full control over LoRa parameters.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># Here&#39;s an example of how to add a LoRa interface</span>
<span class="c1"># using the RNode LoRa transceiver.</span>
<span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">RNode</span> <span class="n">LoRa</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">RNodeInterface</span>
<span class="c1"># Enable interface if you want use it!</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="c1"># Allow transmit on interface. Setting</span>
<span class="c1"># this to false will create a listen-</span>
<span class="c1"># only interface.</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">true</span>
<span class="c1"># Serial port for the device</span>
<span class="n">port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ttyUSB0</span>
<span class="c1"># Set frequency to 867.2 MHz</span>
<span class="n">frequency</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">867200000</span>
<span class="c1"># Set LoRa bandwidth to 125 KHz</span>
<span class="n">bandwidth</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">125000</span>
<span class="c1"># Set TX power to 7 dBm (5 mW)</span>
<span class="n">txpower</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">7</span>
<span class="c1"># Select spreading factor 8. Valid</span>
<span class="c1"># range is 7 through 12, with 7</span>
<span class="c1"># being the fastest and 12 having</span>
<span class="c1"># the longest range.</span>
<span class="n">spreadingfactor</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="c1"># Select coding rate 5. Valid range</span>
<span class="c1"># is 5 throough 8, with 5 being the</span>
<span class="c1"># fastest, and 8 the longest range.</span>
<span class="n">codingrate</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">5</span>
<span class="c1"># You can configure the RNode to send</span>
<span class="c1"># out identification on the channel with</span>
<span class="c1"># a set interval by configuring the</span>
<span class="c1"># following two parameters.</span>
<span class="c1"># id_callsign = MYCALL-0</span>
<span class="c1"># id_interval = 600</span>
<span class="c1"># For certain homebrew RNode interfaces</span>
<span class="c1"># with low amounts of RAM, using packet</span>
<span class="c1"># flow control can be useful. By default</span>
<span class="c1"># it is disabled.</span>
<span class="n">flow_control</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="serial-interface">
<span id="interfaces-serial"></span><h2>Serial Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#serial-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>Reticulum can be used over serial ports directly, or over any device with a
serial port, that will transparently pass data. Useful for communicating
directly over a wire-pair, or for using devices such as data radios and lasers.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Serial</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">SerialInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="c1"># Serial port for the device</span>
<span class="n">port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ttyUSB0</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the serial baud-rate and other</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration parameters.</span>
<span class="n">speed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">115200</span>
<span class="n">databits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="n">parity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">none</span>
<span class="n">stopbits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="kiss-interface">
<span id="interfaces-kiss"></span><h2>KISS Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#kiss-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>With the KISS interface, you can use Reticulum over a variety of packet
radio modems and TNCs, including <a class="reference external" href="https://unsigned.io/openmodem/">OpenModem</a>.
KISS interfaces can also be configured to periodically send out beacons
for station identification purposes.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Packet</span> <span class="n">Radio</span> <span class="n">KISS</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">KISSInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">true</span>
<span class="c1"># Serial port for the device</span>
<span class="n">port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ttyUSB1</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the serial baud-rate and other</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration parameters.</span>
<span class="n">speed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">115200</span>
<span class="n">databits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="n">parity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">none</span>
<span class="n">stopbits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the modem preamble.</span>
<span class="n">preamble</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">150</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the modem TX tail.</span>
<span class="n">txtail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="c1"># Configure CDMA parameters. These</span>
<span class="c1"># settings are reasonable defaults.</span>
<span class="n">persistence</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">200</span>
<span class="n">slottime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
<span class="c1"># You can configure the interface to send</span>
<span class="c1"># out identification on the channel with</span>
<span class="c1"># a set interval by configuring the</span>
<span class="c1"># following two parameters. The KISS</span>
<span class="c1"># interface will only ID if the set</span>
<span class="c1"># interval has elapsed since it&#39;s last</span>
<span class="c1"># actual transmission. The interval is</span>
<span class="c1"># configured in seconds.</span>
<span class="c1"># This option is commented out and not</span>
<span class="c1"># used by default.</span>
<span class="c1"># id_callsign = MYCALL-0</span>
<span class="c1"># id_interval = 600</span>
<span class="c1"># Whether to use KISS flow-control.</span>
<span class="c1"># This is useful for modems that have</span>
<span class="c1"># a small internal packet buffer, but</span>
<span class="c1"># support packet flow control instead.</span>
<span class="n">flow_control</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">false</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="section" id="ax-25-kiss-interface">
<span id="interfaces-ax25"></span><h2>AX.25 KISS Interface<a class="headerlink" href="#ax-25-kiss-interface" title="Permalink to this headline"></a></h2>
<p>If you’re using Reticulum on amateur radio spectrum, you might want to
use the AX.25 KISS interface. This way, Reticulum will automatically
encapsulate it’s traffic in AX.25 and also identify your stations
transmissions with your callsign and SSID.</p>
<p>Only do this if you really need to! Reticulum doesn’t need the AX.25
layer for anything, and it incurs extra overhead on every packet to
encapsulate in AX.25.</p>
<p>A more efficient way is to use the plain KISS interface with the
beaconing functionality described above.</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Packet</span> <span class="n">Radio</span> <span class="n">AX</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="mi">25</span> <span class="n">KISS</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AX25KISSInterface</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the station callsign and SSID</span>
<span class="n">callsign</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">NO1CLL</span>
<span class="n">ssid</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span>
<span class="c1"># Enable interface if you want use it!</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="c1"># Allow transmit on interface.</span>
<span class="n">outgoing</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
<span class="c1"># Serial port for the device</span>
<span class="n">port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">/</span><span class="n">dev</span><span class="o">/</span><span class="n">ttyUSB2</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the serial baud-rate and other</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration parameters.</span>
<span class="n">speed</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">115200</span>
<span class="n">databits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">8</span>
<span class="n">parity</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">none</span>
<span class="n">stopbits</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the modem preamble. A 150ms</span>
<span class="c1"># preamble should be a reasonable</span>
<span class="c1"># default, but may need to be</span>
<span class="c1"># increased for radios with slow-</span>
<span class="c1"># opening squelch and long TX/RX</span>
<span class="c1"># turnaround</span>
<span class="n">preamble</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">150</span>
<span class="c1"># Set the modem TX tail. In most</span>
<span class="c1"># cases this should be kept as low</span>
<span class="c1"># as possible to not waste airtime.</span>
<span class="n">txtail</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span>
<span class="c1"># Configure CDMA parameters. These</span>
<span class="c1"># settings are reasonable defaults.</span>
<span class="n">persistence</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">200</span>
<span class="n">slottime</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">20</span>
<span class="c1"># Whether to use KISS flow-control.</span>
<span class="c1"># This is useful for modems with a</span>
<span class="c1"># small internal packet buffer.</span>
<span class="n">flow_control</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">false</span>
</pre></div>
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<h3><a href="index.html">Table of Contents</a></h3>
<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Supported Interfaces</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#udp-interface">UDP Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tcp-server-interface">TCP Server Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#tcp-client-interface">TCP Client Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#rnode-lora-interface">RNode LoRa Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#serial-interface">Serial Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#kiss-interface">KISS Interface</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#ax-25-kiss-interface">AX.25 KISS Interface</a></li>
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