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<article role="main">
<section id="using-reticulum-on-your-system">
<span id="using-main"></span><h1>Using Reticulum on Your System<a class="headerlink" href="#using-reticulum-on-your-system" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h1>
<p>Reticulum is not installed as a driver or kernel module, as one might expect
of a networking stack. Instead, Reticulum is distributed as a Python module,
containing the networking core, and a set of utility and daemon programs.</p>
<p>This means that no special privileges are required to install or use it. It
is also very light-weight, and easy to transfer to, and install on new systems.</p>
<p>When you have Reticulum installed, any program or application that uses Reticulum
will automatically load and initialise Reticulum when it starts, if it is not
already running.</p>
<p>In many cases, this approach is sufficient. When any program needs to use
Reticulum, it is loaded, initialised, interfaces are brought up, and the
program can now communicate over any Reticulum networks available. If another
program starts up and also wants access to the same Reticulum network, the already
running instance is simply shared. This works for any number of programs running
concurrently, and is very easy to use, but depending on your use case, there
are other options.</p>
<section id="configuration-data">
<h2>Configuration &amp; Data<a class="headerlink" href="#configuration-data" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Reticulum stores all information that it needs to function in a single file-system
directory. When Reticulum is started, it will look for a valid configuration
directory in the following places:</p>
<ul class="simple">
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/reticulum</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.config/reticulum</span></code></p></li>
<li><p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum</span></code></p></li>
</ul>
<p>If no existing configuration directory is found, the directory <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum</span></code>
is created, and the default configuration will be automatically created here.
You can move it to one of the other locations if you wish.</p>
<p>It is also possible to use completely arbitrary configuration directories by
specifying the relevant command-line parameters when running Reticulum-based
programs. You can also run multiple separate Reticulum instances on the same
physical system, either in isolation from each other, or connected together.</p>
<p>In most cases, a single physical system will only need to run one Reticulum
instance. This can either be launched at boot, as a system service, or simply
be brought up when a program needs it. In either case, any number of programs
running on the same system will automatically share the same Reticulum instance,
if the configuration allows for it, which it does by default.</p>
<p>The entire configuration of Reticulum is found in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum/config</span></code>
file. When Reticulum is first started on a new system, a basic, but fully functional
configuration file is created. The default configuration looks like this:</p>
<div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="c1"># This is the default Reticulum config file.</span>
<span class="c1"># You should probably edit it to include any additional,</span>
<span class="c1"># interfaces and settings you might need.</span>
<span class="c1"># Only the most basic options are included in this default</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration. To see a more verbose, and much longer,</span>
<span class="c1"># configuration example, you can run the command:</span>
<span class="c1"># rnsd --exampleconfig</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">reticulum</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># If you enable Transport, your system will route traffic</span>
<span class="c1"># for other peers, pass announces and serve path requests.</span>
<span class="c1"># This should only be done for systems that are suited to</span>
<span class="c1"># act as transport nodes, ie. if they are stationary and</span>
<span class="c1"># always-on. This directive is optional and can be removed</span>
<span class="c1"># for brevity.</span>
<span class="n">enable_transport</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">False</span>
<span class="c1"># By default, the first program to launch the Reticulum</span>
<span class="c1"># Network Stack will create a shared instance, that other</span>
<span class="c1"># programs can communicate with. Only the shared instance</span>
<span class="c1"># opens all the configured interfaces directly, and other</span>
<span class="c1"># local programs communicate with the shared instance over</span>
<span class="c1"># a local socket. This is completely transparent to the</span>
<span class="c1"># user, and should generally be turned on. This directive</span>
<span class="c1"># is optional and can be removed for brevity.</span>
<span class="n">share_instance</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Yes</span>
<span class="c1"># If you want to run multiple *different* shared instances</span>
<span class="c1"># on the same system, you will need to specify different</span>
<span class="c1"># shared instance ports for each. The defaults are given</span>
<span class="c1"># below, and again, these options can be left out if you</span>
<span class="c1"># don&#39;t need them.</span>
<span class="n">shared_instance_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">37428</span>
<span class="n">instance_control_port</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">37429</span>
<span class="c1"># On systems where running instances may not have access</span>
<span class="c1"># to the same shared Reticulum configuration directory,</span>
<span class="c1"># it is still possible to allow full interactivity for</span>
<span class="c1"># running instances, by manually specifying a shared RPC</span>
<span class="c1"># key. In almost all cases, this option is not needed, but</span>
<span class="c1"># it can be useful on operating systems such as Android.</span>
<span class="c1"># The key must be specified as bytes in hexadecimal.</span>
<span class="c1"># rpc_key = e5c032d3ec4e64a6aca9927ba8ab73336780f6d71790</span>
<span class="c1"># You can configure Reticulum to panic and forcibly close</span>
<span class="c1"># if an unrecoverable interface error occurs, such as the</span>
<span class="c1"># hardware device for an interface disappearing. This is</span>
<span class="c1"># an optional directive, and can be left out for brevity.</span>
<span class="c1"># This behaviour is disabled by default.</span>
<span class="n">panic_on_interface_error</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">No</span>
<span class="c1"># When Transport is enabled, it is possible to allow the</span>
<span class="c1"># Transport Instance to respond to probe requests from</span>
<span class="c1"># the rnprobe utility. This can be a useful tool to test</span>
<span class="c1"># connectivity. When this option is enabled, the probe</span>
<span class="c1"># destination will be generated from the Identity of the</span>
<span class="c1"># Transport Instance, and printed to the log at startup.</span>
<span class="c1"># Optional, and disabled by default.</span>
<span class="n">respond_to_probes</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">No</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">logging</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># Valid log levels are 0 through 7:</span>
<span class="c1"># 0: Log only critical information</span>
<span class="c1"># 1: Log errors and lower log levels</span>
<span class="c1"># 2: Log warnings and lower log levels</span>
<span class="c1"># 3: Log notices and lower log levels</span>
<span class="c1"># 4: Log info and lower (this is the default)</span>
<span class="c1"># 5: Verbose logging</span>
<span class="c1"># 6: Debug logging</span>
<span class="c1"># 7: Extreme logging</span>
<span class="n">loglevel</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">4</span>
<span class="c1"># The interfaces section defines the physical and virtual</span>
<span class="c1"># interfaces Reticulum will use to communicate on. This</span>
<span class="c1"># section will contain examples for a variety of interface</span>
<span class="c1"># types. You can modify these or use them as a basis for</span>
<span class="c1"># your own config, or simply remove the unused ones.</span>
<span class="p">[</span><span class="n">interfaces</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="c1"># This interface enables communication with other</span>
<span class="c1"># link-local Reticulum nodes over UDP. It does not</span>
<span class="c1"># need any functional IP infrastructure like routers</span>
<span class="c1"># or DHCP servers, but will require that at least link-</span>
<span class="c1"># local IPv6 is enabled in your operating system, which</span>
<span class="c1"># should be enabled by default in almost any OS. See</span>
<span class="c1"># the Reticulum Manual for more configuration options.</span>
<span class="p">[[</span><span class="n">Default</span> <span class="n">Interface</span><span class="p">]]</span>
<span class="nb">type</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">AutoInterface</span>
<span class="n">interface_enabled</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="kc">True</span>
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If Reticulum infrastructure already exists locally, you probably don’t need to
change anything, and you may already be connected to a wider network. If not,
you will probably need to add relevant <em>interfaces</em> to the configuration, in
order to communicate with other systems.</p>
<p>You can generate a much more verbose configuration example by running the command:</p>
<p><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span> <span class="pre">--exampleconfig</span></code></p>
<p>The output includes examples for most interface types supported
by Reticulum, along with additional options and configuration parameters.</p>
<p>It is a good idea to read the comments and explanations in the above default config.
It will teach you the basic concepts you need to understand to configure your network.
Once you have done that, take a look at the <a class="reference internal" href="interfaces.html#interfaces-main"><span class="std std-ref">Interfaces</span></a> chapter
of this manual.</p>
</section>
<section id="included-utility-programs">
<h2>Included Utility Programs<a class="headerlink" href="#included-utility-programs" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>Reticulum includes a range of useful utilities, both for managing your Reticulum
networks, and for carrying out common tasks over Reticulum networks, such as
transferring files to remote systems, and executing commands and programs remotely.</p>
<p>If you often use Reticulum from several different programs, or simply want
Reticulum to stay available all the time, for example if you are hosting
a transport node, you might want to run Reticulum as a separate service that
other programs, applications and services can utilise.</p>
<section id="the-rnsd-utility">
<h3>The rnsd Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnsd-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>It is very easy to run Reticulum as a service. Simply run the included <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> command.
When <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> is running, it will keep all configured interfaces open, handle transport if
it is enabled, and allow any other programs to immediately utilise the
Reticulum network it is configured for.</p>
<p>You can even run multiple instances of <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> with different configurations on
the same system.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnsd
[2023-08-18 17:59:56] [Notice] Started rnsd version 0.5.8
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> in service mode, ensuring all logging output is sent directly to file:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnsd -s
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Generate a verbose and detailed configuration example, with explanations of all the
various configuration options, and interface configuration examples:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnsd --exampleconfig
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnsd.py [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-v] [-q] [-s] [--exampleconfig] [--version]
Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-v, --verbose
-q, --quiet
-s, --service rnsd is running as a service and should log to file
--exampleconfig print verbose configuration example to stdout and exit
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can easily add <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as an always-on service by <a class="reference internal" href="#using-systemd"><span class="std std-ref">configuring a service</span></a>.</p>
</section>
<section id="the-rnstatus-utility">
<h3>The rnstatus Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnstatus-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>Using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> utility, you can view the status of configured Reticulum
interfaces, similar to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ifconfig</span></code> program.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code>:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnstatus
Shared Instance[37428]
Status : Up
Serving : 1 program
Rate : 1.00 Gbps
Traffic : 83.13 KB↑
86.10 KB↓
AutoInterface[Local]
Status : Up
Mode : Full
Rate : 10.00 Mbps
Peers : 1 reachable
Traffic : 63.23 KB↑
80.17 KB↓
TCPInterface[RNS Testnet Dublin/dublin.connect.reticulum.network:4965]
Status : Up
Mode : Full
Rate : 10.00 Mbps
Traffic : 187.27 KB↑
74.17 KB↓
RNodeInterface[RNode UHF]
Status : Up
Mode : Access Point
Rate : 1.30 kbps
Access : 64-bit IFAC by &lt;…e702c42ba8&gt;
Traffic : 8.49 KB↑
9.23 KB↓
Reticulum Transport Instance &lt;5245a8efe1788c6a1cd36144a270e13b&gt; running
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Filter output to only show some interfaces:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnstatus rnode
RNodeInterface[RNode UHF]
Status : Up
Mode : Access Point
Rate : 1.30 kbps
Access : 64-bit IFAC by &lt;…e702c42ba8&gt;
Traffic : 8.49 KB↑
9.23 KB↓
Reticulum Transport Instance &lt;5245a8efe1788c6a1cd36144a270e13b&gt; running
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnstatus [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-a] [-A]
[-l] [-s SORT] [-r] [-j] [-R hash] [-i path]
[-w seconds] [-v] [filter]
Reticulum Network Stack Status
positional arguments:
filter only display interfaces with names including filter
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-a, --all show all interfaces
-A, --announce-stats show announce stats
-l, --link-stats show link stats
-s SORT, --sort SORT sort interfaces by [rate, traffic, rx, tx, announces, arx, atx, held]
-r, --reverse reverse sorting
-j, --json output in JSON format
-R hash transport identity hash of remote instance to get status from
-i path path to identity used for remote management
-w seconds timeout before giving up on remote queries
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-rnid-utility">
<h3>The rnid Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnid-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnid</span></code> utility, you can generate, manage and view Reticulum Identities.
The program can also calculate Destination hashes, and perform encryption and
decryption of files.</p>
<p>Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnid</span></code>, it is possible to asymmetrically encrypt files and information for
any Reticulum destination hash, and also to create and verify cryptographic signatures.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Generate a new Identity:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -g ./new_identity
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Display Identity key information:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -i ./new_identity -p
Loaded Identity &lt;984b74a3f768bef236af4371e6f248cd&gt; from new_id
Public Key : 0f4259fef4521ab75a3409e353fe9073eb10783b4912a6a9937c57bf44a62c1e
Private Key : Hidden
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Encrypt a file for an LXMF user:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -i 8dd57a738226809646089335a6b03695 -e my_file.txt
Recalled Identity &lt;bc7291552be7a58f361522990465165c&gt; for destination &lt;8dd57a738226809646089335a6b03695&gt;
Encrypting my_file.txt
File my_file.txt encrypted for &lt;bc7291552be7a58f361522990465165c&gt; to my_file.txt.rfe
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the Identity for the destination is not already known, you can fetch it from the network by using the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-R</span></code> command-line option:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -R -i 30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9 -e my_file.txt
Requesting unknown Identity for &lt;30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9&gt;...
Received Identity &lt;2b489d06eaf7c543808c76a5332a447d&gt; for destination &lt;30602def3b3506a28ed33db6f60cc6c9&gt; from the network
Encrypting my_file.txt
File my_file.txt encrypted for &lt;2b489d06eaf7c543808c76a5332a447d&gt; to my_file.txt.rfe
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Decrypt a file using the Reticulum Identity it was encrypted for:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnid -i ./my_identity -d my_file.txt.rfe
Loaded Identity &lt;2225fdeecaf6e2db4556c3c2d7637294&gt; from ./my_identity
Decrypting ./my_file.txt.rfe...
File ./my_file.txt.rfe decrypted with &lt;2225fdeecaf6e2db4556c3c2d7637294&gt; to ./my_file.txt
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnid.py [-h] [--config path] [-i identity] [-g path] [-v] [-q] [-a aspects]
[-H aspects] [-e path] [-d path] [-s path] [-V path] [-r path] [-w path]
[-f] [-R] [-t seconds] [-p] [-P] [--version]
Reticulum Identity &amp; Encryption Utility
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-i identity, --identity identity
hexadecimal Reticulum Destination hash or path to Identity file
-g path, --generate path
generate a new Identity
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
-a aspects, --announce aspects
announce a destination based on this Identity
-H aspects, --hash aspects
show destination hashes for other aspects for this Identity
-e path, --encrypt path
encrypt file
-d path, --decrypt path
decrypt file
-s path, --sign path sign file
-V path, --validate path
validate signature
-r path, --read path input file path
-w path, --write path
output file path
-f, --force write output even if it overwrites existing files
-R, --request request unknown Identities from the network
-t seconds identity request timeout before giving up
-p, --print-identity print identity info and exit
-P, --print-private allow displaying private keys
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-rnpath-utility">
<h3>The rnpath Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnpath-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>With the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code> utility, you can look up and view paths for
destinations on the Reticulum network.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Resolve path to a destination:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnpath c89b4da064bf66d280f0e4d8abfd9806
Path found, destination &lt;c89b4da064bf66d280f0e4d8abfd9806&gt; is 4 hops away via &lt;f53a1c4278e0726bb73fcc623d6ce763&gt; on TCPInterface[Testnet/dublin.connect.reticulum.network:4965]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnpath [-h] [--config CONFIG] [--version] [-t] [-m hops]
[-r] [-d] [-D] [-x] [-w seconds] [-R hash] [-i path]
[-W seconds] [-j] [-v] [destination]
Reticulum Path Discovery Utility
positional arguments:
destination hexadecimal hash of the destination
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-t, --table show all known paths
-m hops, --max hops maximum hops to filter path table by
-r, --rates show announce rate info
-d, --drop remove the path to a destination
-D, --drop-announces drop all queued announces
-x, --drop-via drop all paths via specified transport instance
-w seconds timeout before giving up
-R hash transport identity hash of remote instance to manage
-i path path to identity used for remote management
-W seconds timeout before giving up on remote queries
-j, --json output in JSON format
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-rnprobe-utility">
<h3>The rnprobe Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnprobe-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility lets you probe a destination for connectivity, similar
to the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ping</span></code> program. Please note that probes will only be answered if the
specified destination is configured to send proofs for received packets. Many
destinations will not have this option enabled, so most destinations will not
be probable.</p>
<p>You can enable a probe-reply destination on Reticulum Transport Instances by
setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">respond_to_probes</span></code> configuration directive. Reticulum will then
print the probe destination to the log on Transport Instance startup.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Probe a destination:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnprobe rnstransport.probe 2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708
Sent 16 byte probe to &lt;2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708&gt;
Valid reply received from &lt;2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708&gt;
Round-trip time is 38.469 milliseconds over 2 hops
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Send a larger probe:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnprobe rnstransport.probe 2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708 -s 256
Sent 16 byte probe to &lt;2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708&gt;
Valid reply received from &lt;2d03725b327348980d570f739a3a5708&gt;
Round-trip time is 38.781 milliseconds over 2 hops
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If the interface that receives the probe replies supports reporting radio
parameters such as <strong>RSSI</strong> and <strong>SNR</strong>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnprobe</span></code> utility will print
these as part of the result as well.</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnprobe rnstransport.probe e7536ee90bd4a440e130490b87a25124
Sent 16 byte probe to &lt;e7536ee90bd4a440e130490b87a25124&gt;
Valid reply received from &lt;e7536ee90bd4a440e130490b87a25124&gt;
Round-trip time is 1.809 seconds over 1 hop [RSSI -73 dBm] [SNR 12.0 dB]
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnprobe [-h] [--config CONFIG] [-s SIZE] [-n PROBES]
[-t seconds] [-w seconds] [--version] [-v]
[full_name] [destination_hash]
Reticulum Probe Utility
positional arguments:
full_name full destination name in dotted notation
destination_hash hexadecimal hash of the destination
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config CONFIG path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-s SIZE, --size SIZE size of probe packet payload in bytes
-n PROBES, --probes PROBES
number of probes to send
-t seconds, --timeout seconds
timeout before giving up
-w seconds, --wait seconds
time between each probe
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
-v, --verbose
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-rncp-utility">
<h3>The rncp Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rncp-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rncp</span></code> utility is a simple file transfer tool. Using it, you can transfer
files through Reticulum.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Run rncp on the receiving system, specifying which identities are allowed to send files:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp --listen -a 1726dbad538775b5bf9b0ea25a4079c8 -a c50cc4e4f7838b6c31f60ab9032cbc62
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can also specify allowed identity hashes (one per line) in the file ~/.rncp/allowed_identities
and simply running the program in listener mode:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp --listen
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>From another system, copy a file to the receiving system:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp ~/path/to/file.tgz 73cbd378bb0286ed11a707c13447bb1e
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or fetch a file from the remote system:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rncp --fetch ~/path/to/file.tgz 73cbd378bb0286ed11a707c13447bb1e
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rncp [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-S] [-l] [-F] [-f]
[-j path] [-b seconds] [-a allowed_hash] [-n] [-p]
[-w seconds] [--version] [file] [destination]
Reticulum File Transfer Utility
positional arguments:
file file to be transferred
destination hexadecimal hash of the receiver
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
-S, --silent disable transfer progress output
-l, --listen listen for incoming transfer requests
-F, --allow-fetch allow authenticated clients to fetch files
-f, --fetch fetch file from remote listener instead of sending
-j path, --jail path restrict fetch requests to specified path
-b seconds announce interval, 0 to only announce at startup
-a allowed_hash allow this identity
-n, --no-auth accept requests from anyone
-p, --print-identity print identity and destination info and exit
-w seconds sender timeout before giving up
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-rnx-utility">
<h3>The rnx Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnx-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnx</span></code> utility is a basic remote command execution program. It allows you to
execute commands on remote systems over Reticulum, and to view returned command
output. For a fully interactive remote shell solution, be sure to also take a look
at the <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/acehoss/rnsh">rnsh</a> program.</p>
<p><strong>Usage Examples</strong></p>
<p>Run rnx on the listening system, specifying which identities are allowed to execute commands:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx --listen -a 941bed5e228775e5a8079fc38b1ccf3f -a 1b03013c25f1c2ca068a4f080b844a10
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>From another system, run a command on the remote:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 &quot;cat /proc/cpuinfo&quot;
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Or enter the interactive mode pseudo-shell:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 -x
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>The default identity file is stored in <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.reticulum/identities/rnx</span></code>, but you can use
another one, which will be created if it does not already exist</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>$ rnx 7a55144adf826958a9529a3bcf08b149 -i /path/to/identity -x
</pre></div>
</div>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnx [-h] [--config path] [-v] [-q] [-p] [-l] [-i identity] [-x] [-b] [-n] [-N]
[-d] [-m] [-a allowed_hash] [-w seconds] [-W seconds] [--stdin STDIN]
[--stdout STDOUT] [--stderr STDERR] [--version] [destination] [command]
Reticulum Remote Execution Utility
positional arguments:
destination hexadecimal hash of the listener
command command to be execute
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--config path path to alternative Reticulum config directory
-v, --verbose increase verbosity
-q, --quiet decrease verbosity
-p, --print-identity print identity and destination info and exit
-l, --listen listen for incoming commands
-i identity path to identity to use
-x, --interactive enter interactive mode
-b, --no-announce don&#39;t announce at program start
-a allowed_hash accept from this identity
-n, --noauth accept files from anyone
-N, --noid don&#39;t identify to listener
-d, --detailed show detailed result output
-m mirror exit code of remote command
-w seconds connect and request timeout before giving up
-W seconds max result download time
--stdin STDIN pass input to stdin
--stdout STDOUT max size in bytes of returned stdout
--stderr STDERR max size in bytes of returned stderr
--version show program&#39;s version number and exit
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="the-rnodeconf-utility">
<h3>The rnodeconf Utility<a class="headerlink" href="#the-rnodeconf-utility" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>The <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnodeconf</span></code> utility allows you to inspect and configure existing <a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode-main"><span class="std std-ref">RNodes</span></a>, and
to create and provision new <a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode-main"><span class="std std-ref">RNodes</span></a> from any supported hardware devices.</p>
<p><strong>All Command-Line Options</strong></p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>usage: rnodeconf [-h] [-i] [-a] [-u] [-U] [--fw-version version]
[--fw-url url] [--nocheck] [-e] [-E] [-C]
[--baud-flash baud_flash] [-N] [-T] [-b] [-B] [-p] [-D i]
[--display-addr byte] [--freq Hz] [--bw Hz] [--txp dBm]
[--sf factor] [--cr rate] [--eeprom-backup] [--eeprom-dump]
[--eeprom-wipe] [-P] [--trust-key hexbytes] [--version] [-f]
[-r] [-k] [-S] [-H FIRMWARE_HASH] [--platform platform]
[--product product] [--model model] [--hwrev revision]
[port]
RNode Configuration and firmware utility. This program allows you to change
various settings and startup modes of RNode. It can also install, flash and
update the firmware on supported devices.
positional arguments:
port serial port where RNode is attached
options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-i, --info Show device info
-a, --autoinstall Automatic installation on various supported devices
-u, --update Update firmware to the latest version
-U, --force-update Update to specified firmware even if version matches
or is older than installed version
--fw-version version Use a specific firmware version for update or
autoinstall
--fw-url url Use an alternate firmware download URL
--nocheck Don&#39;t check for firmware updates online
-e, --extract Extract firmware from connected RNode for later use
-E, --use-extracted Use the extracted firmware for autoinstallation or
update
-C, --clear-cache Clear locally cached firmware files
--baud-flash baud_flash
Set specific baud rate when flashing device. Default
is 921600
-N, --normal Switch device to normal mode
-T, --tnc Switch device to TNC mode
-b, --bluetooth-on Turn device bluetooth on
-B, --bluetooth-off Turn device bluetooth off
-p, --bluetooth-pair Put device into bluetooth pairing mode
-D i, --display i Set display intensity (0-255)
--display-addr byte Set display address as hex byte (00 - FF)
--freq Hz Frequency in Hz for TNC mode
--bw Hz Bandwidth in Hz for TNC mode
--txp dBm TX power in dBm for TNC mode
--sf factor Spreading factor for TNC mode (7 - 12)
--cr rate Coding rate for TNC mode (5 - 8)
--eeprom-backup Backup EEPROM to file
--eeprom-dump Dump EEPROM to console
--eeprom-wipe Unlock and wipe EEPROM
-P, --public Display public part of signing key
--trust-key hexbytes Public key to trust for device verification
--version Print program version and exit
-f, --flash Flash firmware and bootstrap EEPROM
-r, --rom Bootstrap EEPROM without flashing firmware
-k, --key Generate a new signing key and exit
-S, --sign Display public part of signing key
-H FIRMWARE_HASH, --firmware-hash FIRMWARE_HASH
Display installed firmware hash
--platform platform Platform specification for device bootstrap
--product product Product specification for device bootstrap
--model model Model code for device bootstrap
--hwrev revision Hardware revision for device bootstrap
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For more information on how to create your own RNodes, please read the <a class="reference internal" href="hardware.html#rnode-creating"><span class="std std-ref">Creating RNodes</span></a>
section of this manual.</p>
</section>
</section>
<section id="remote-management">
<h2>Remote Management<a class="headerlink" href="#remote-management" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>It is possible to allow remote management of Reticulum
systems using the various built-in utilities, such as
<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnstatus</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnpath</span></code>. To do so, you will need to set
the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">enable_remote_management</span></code> directive in the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">[reticulum]</span></code>
section of the configuration file. You will also need to specify
one or more Reticulum Identity hashes for authenticating the
queries from client programs. For this purpose, you can use
existing identity files, or generate new ones with the rnid utility.</p>
<p>The following is a truncated example of enabling remote management
in the Reticulum configuration file:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[reticulum]
...
enable_remote_management = yes
remote_management_allowed = 9fb6d773498fb3feda407ed8ef2c3229, 2d882c5586e548d79b5af27bca1776dc
...
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>For a complete example configuration, you can run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span> <span class="pre">--exampleconfig</span></code>.</p>
</section>
<section id="improving-system-configuration">
<h2>Improving System Configuration<a class="headerlink" href="#improving-system-configuration" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h2>
<p>If you are setting up a system for permanent use with Reticulum, there is a
few system configuration changes that can make this easier to administrate.
These changes will be detailed here.</p>
<section id="fixed-serial-port-names">
<h3>Fixed Serial Port Names<a class="headerlink" href="#fixed-serial-port-names" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>On a Reticulum instance with several serial port based interfaces, it can be
beneficial to use the fixed device names for the serial ports, instead
of the dynamically allocated shorthands such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/ttyUSB0</span></code>. Under most
Debian-based distributions, including Ubuntu and Raspberry Pi OS, these nodes
can be found under <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/dev/serial/by-id</span></code>.</p>
<p>You can use such a device path directly in place of the numbered shorthands.
Here is an example of a packet radio TNC configured as such:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[[Packet Radio KISS Interface]]
type = KISSInterface
interface_enabled = True
outgoing = true
port = /dev/serial/by-id/usb-FTDI_FT230X_Basic_UART_43891CKM-if00-port0
speed = 115200
databits = 8
parity = none
stopbits = 1
preamble = 150
txtail = 10
persistence = 200
slottime = 20
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Using this methodology avoids potential naming mix-ups where physical devices
might be plugged and unplugged in different orders, or when device name
assignment varies from one boot to another.</p>
</section>
<section id="reticulum-as-a-system-service">
<span id="using-systemd"></span><h3>Reticulum as a System Service<a class="headerlink" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h3>
<p>Instead of starting Reticulum manually, you can install <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as a system
service and have it start automatically at boot.</p>
<section id="systemwide-service">
<h4>Systemwide Service<a class="headerlink" href="#systemwide-service" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>If you installed Reticulum with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pip</span></code>, the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program will most likely
be located in a user-local installation path only, which means <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">systemd</span></code> will not
be able to execute it. In this case, you can simply symlink the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> program
into a directory that is in systemd’s path:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo ln -s $(which rnsd) /usr/local/bin/
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>You can then create the service file <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">/etc/systemd/system/rnsd.service</span></code> with the
following content:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit]
Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
After=multi-user.target
[Service]
# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
# or other devices that need some extra
# time to initialise, you might want to
# add a short delay before Reticulum is
# started by systemd:
# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
User=USERNAMEHERE
ExecStart=rnsd --service
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Be sure to replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">USERNAMEHERE</span></code> with the user you want to run <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> as.</p>
<p>To manually start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> run:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl start rnsd
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> at boot, run:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo systemctl enable rnsd
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="userspace-service">
<h4>Userspace Service<a class="headerlink" href="#userspace-service" title="Permalink to this heading">#</a></h4>
<p>Alternatively you can use a user systemd service instead of a system wide one. This way the whole setup can be done as a regular user.
Create a user systemd service files <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">~/.config/systemd/user/rnsd.service</span></code> with the following content:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>[Unit]
Description=Reticulum Network Stack Daemon
After=default.target
[Service]
# If you run Reticulum on WiFi devices,
# or other devices that need some extra
# time to initialise, you might want to
# add a short delay before Reticulum is
# started by systemd:
# ExecStartPre=/bin/sleep 10
Type=simple
Restart=always
RestartSec=3
ExecStart=RNS_BIN_DIR/rnsd --service
[Install]
WantedBy=default.target
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>Replace <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">RNS_BIN_DIR</span></code> with the path to your Reticulum binary directory (eg. /home/USERNAMEHERE/rns/bin).</p>
<p>Start user service:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>systemctl --user daemon-reload
systemctl --user start rnsd.service
</pre></div>
</div>
<p>If you want to automatically start <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">rnsd</span></code> without having to log in as the USERNAMEHERE, do:</p>
<div class="highlight-text notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span>sudo loginctl enable-linger USERNAMEHERE
systemctl --user enable rnsd.service
</pre></div>
</div>
</section>
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<ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Using Reticulum on Your System</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#configuration-data">Configuration &amp; Data</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#included-utility-programs">Included Utility Programs</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnsd-utility">The rnsd Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnstatus-utility">The rnstatus Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnid-utility">The rnid Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnpath-utility">The rnpath Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnprobe-utility">The rnprobe Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rncp-utility">The rncp Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnx-utility">The rnx Utility</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#the-rnodeconf-utility">The rnodeconf Utility</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#remote-management">Remote Management</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#improving-system-configuration">Improving System Configuration</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#fixed-serial-port-names">Fixed Serial Port Names</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#reticulum-as-a-system-service">Reticulum as a System Service</a><ul>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#systemwide-service">Systemwide Service</a></li>
<li><a class="reference internal" href="#userspace-service">Userspace Service</a></li>
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