Work on documentation

docs/source/examples.rst

@@ -10,56 +10,73 @@ You can use these examples to learn how to write your own programs.
 
 Minimal
 =======
-This example can be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Minimal.py>`_.
 
 The *Minimal* example demonstrates the bare-minimum setup required to connect to
 a Reticulum network from your program. In about five lines of code, you will
 have the Reticulum Network Stack initialised, and ready to pass traffic in your
 program.
 
+.. literalinclude:: ../../Examples/Minimal.py
+
+This example can also be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Minimal.py>`_.
+
 .. _example-announce:
 
 Announce
 ========
-This example can be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Announce.py>`_.
 
 The *Announce* example builds upon the previous example by exploring how to
 announce a destination on the network, and how to let your program receive
 notifications about announces from relevant destinations.
 
+.. literalinclude:: ../../Examples/Announce.py
+
+This example can also be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Announce.py>`_.
+
 .. _example-broadcast:
 
 Broadcast
 =========
-This example can be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Broadcast.py>`_.
-
 The *Broadcast* example explores how to transmit plaintext broadcast messages
 over the network.
 
+.. literalinclude:: ../../Examples/Broadcast.py
+
+This example can also be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Broadcast.py>`_.
+
 .. _example-echo:
 
 Echo
 ====
-This example can be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Echo.py>`_.
 
 The *Echo* example demonstrates communication between two destinations using
 the Packet interface.
 
+.. literalinclude:: ../../Examples/Echo.py
+
+This example can also be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Echo.py>`_.
+
 .. _example-link:
 
 Link
 ====
-This example can be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Link.py>`_.
 
 The *Link* example explores establishing an encrypted link to a remote
 destination, and passing traffic back and forth over the link.
 
+.. literalinclude:: ../../Examples/Link.py
+
+This example can also be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Link.py>`_.
+
 .. _example-filetransfer:
 
 Filetransfer
 ============
-This example can be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Filetransfer.py>`_.
 
 The *Filetransfer* example implements a basic file-server program that
 allow clients to connect and download files. The program uses the Resource
-interface to efficiently pass files of any size over a Reticulum :ref:`Link<api-link>`.
+interface to efficiently pass files of any size over a Reticulum :ref:`Link<api-link>`.
+
+.. literalinclude:: ../../Examples/Filetransfer.py
+
+This example can also be found at `<https://github.com/markqvist/Reticulum/blob/master/Examples/Filetransfer.py>`_.

docs/source/understanding.rst

@@ -10,13 +10,16 @@ develop networked applications using Reticulum.
 
 This document is not an exhaustive source of information on Reticulum, at least not yet. Currently,
 the best place to go for such information is the Python reference implementation of Reticulum, along
-with the API reference.
+with the code examples and API reference. It is however an essential resource to understanding the
+general principles of Reticulum, how to apply them when creating your own networks or software.
 
 After reading this document, you should be well-equipped to understand how a Reticulum network
 operates, what it can achieve, and how you can use it yourself. If you want to help out with the
-development, this is also the place to start, since it will also provide a pretty clear overview of the
+development, this is also the place to start, since it will provide a pretty clear overview of the
 sentiments and the philosophy behind Reticulum.
 
+.. _understanding-motivation:
+
 Motivation
 ==========
 
@@ -26,23 +29,25 @@ belief that it is highly desirable to create a cheap and reliable way to set up
 communication network that can securely allow exchange of information between people and
 machines, with no central point of authority, control, censorship or barrier to entry.
 
-Almost all of the various networking stacks in wide use today share a common limitation, namely
+Almost all of the various networking systems in use today share a common limitation, namely that they
-that they require large amounts of coordination and trust to work. You can’t just plug in a bunch of
+require large amounts of coordination and trust to work, and to join the networks you need approval
-ethernet cables to the same switch, or turn on a number of WiFi radios, and expect such a setup to
+of gatekeepers in control. This need for coordination and trust inevitably leads to an environment of
-provide a reliable platform for communication.
+central control, where it's very easy for infrastructure operators or governments to control or alter
-
+traffic, and censor or persecute unwanted actors.
-This need for coordination and trust inevitably leads to an environment of control, where it's very
-easy for infrastructure operators or governments to control or alter traffic.
 
 Reticulum aims to require as little coordination and trust as possible. In fact, the only
-“coordination” required is to know how to get connected to a Reticulum network. Since Reticulum
+“coordination” required is to know the characteristics of physical medium carrying Reticulum traffic.
-is medium agnostic, this could be whatever is best suited to the situation. In some cases, this might
+
-be 1200 baud packet radio links over VHF frequencies, in other cases it might be a microwave
+Since Reticulum is completely medium agnostic, this could be whatever is best suited to the situation.
-network using off-the-shelf radios. At the time of release of this document, the recommended setup
+In some cases, this might be 1200 baud packet radio links over VHF frequencies, in other cases it might
-is using cheap LoRa radio modules with an open source firmware (see the chapter *Reference System
+be a microwave network using off-the-shelf radios. At the time of release of this document, the
-Setup* ), connected to a small computer like a Raspberry Pi. As an example, the default reference
+recommended setup for development and testing is using LoRa radio modules with an open source firmware
-setup provides a channel capacity of 5.4 Kbps, and a usable direct node-to-node range of around 15
+(see the section :ref:`Reference System Setup<understanding-referencesystem>`), connected to a small
-kilometers (indefinitely extendable by using multiple hops).
+computer like a Raspberry Pi. As an example, the default reference setup provides a channel capacity
+of 5.4 Kbps, and a usable direct node-to-node range of around 15 kilometers (indefinitely extendable
+by using multiple hops).
+
+.. _understanding-goals:
 
 Goals
 =====
@@ -52,32 +57,33 @@ guide the design of Reticulum:
 
 
 * **Fully useable as open source software stack**
-    Reticulum must be implemented, and be able to run using only open source software. This is
+    Reticulum must be implemented with, and be able to run using only open source software. This is
-    critical to ensuring availability, security and transparency of the system.
+    critical to ensuring the availability, security and transparency of the system.
 * **Hardware layer agnosticism**
-    Reticulum shall be fully hardware agnostic, and should be useable over a wide range
+    Reticulum shall be fully hardware agnostic, and shall be useable over a wide range
     physical networking layers, such as data radios, serial lines, modems, handheld transceivers,
     wired ethernet, wifi, or anything else that can carry a digital data stream. Hardware made for
     dedicated Reticulum use shall be as cheap as possible and use off-the-shelf components, so
     it can be easily replicated.
 * **Very low bandwidth requirements**
-    Reticulum should be able to function reliably over links with a data capacity as low as *1,*
+    Reticulum should be able to function reliably over links with a transmission capacity as low
-    *bps*.
+    as *1,000 bps*.
 * **Encryption by default**
     Reticulum must use encryption by default where possible and applicable.
 * **Unlicensed use**
     Reticulum shall be functional over physical communication mediums that do not require any
     form of license to use. Reticulum must be designed in a way, so it is usable over ISM radio
-    frequency bands, and can provide functional long distance links in such conditions.
+    frequency bands, and can provide functional long distance links in such conditions, for example
+    by connecting a modem to a PMR or CB radio, or by using LoRa or WiFi modules.
 * **Supplied software**
-    Apart from the core networking stack and API, that allows any developer to build
+    Apart from the core networking stack and API, that allows a developer to build
     applications with Reticulum, a basic communication suite using Reticulum must be
     implemented and released at the same time as Reticulum itself. This shall serve both as a
     functional communication suite, and as an example and learning resource to others wishing
     to build applications with Reticulum.
 * **Ease of use**
-    The reference implementation of Reticulum is written in Python, to make it very easy to use
+    The reference implementation of Reticulum is written in Python, to make it easy to use
-    and understand. Any programmer with only basic experience should be able to use
+    and understand. A programmer with only basic experience should be able to use
     Reticulum in their own applications.
 * **Low cost**
     It shall be as cheap as possible to deploy a communication system based on Reticulum. This
@@ -85,30 +91,42 @@ guide the design of Reticulum:
     own. The cost of setting up a functioning node should be less than $100 even if all parts
     needs to be purchased.
 
+.. _understanding-basicfunctionality:
+
 Introduction & Basic Functionality
 ==================================
 
 Reticulum is a networking stack suited for high-latency, low-bandwidth links. Reticulum is at it’s
-core *message oriented* , but can provide connection oriented sessions. It is suited for both local
+core a *message oriented* system. It is suited for both local point-to-point or point-to-multipoint
-point-to-point or point-to-multipoint scenarios where alle nodes are within range of each other, as
+scenarios where alle nodes are within range of each other, as well as scenarios where packets need
-well as scenarios where packets need to be transported over multiple hops to reach the recipient.
+to be transported over multiple hops to reach the recipient.
 
 Reticulum does away with the idea of addresses and ports known from IP, TCP and UDP. Instead
 Reticulum uses the singular concept of *destinations*. Any application using Reticulum as it’s
 networking stack will need to create one or more destinations to receive data, and know the
 destinations it needs to send data to.
 
-Reticulum encrypts all data by default using public-key cryptography. Any message sent to a
+All destinations in Reticulum are represented internally as 10 bytes, derived from truncating a full
-destination is encrypted with that destinations public key. Reticulum also offers symmetric key
+SHA-256 hash of identifying characteristics of the destination. To users, the destination addresses
-encryption for group-oriented communications, as well as unencrypted packets for broadcast
+will be displayed as 10 bytes in hexadecimal representation, as in the following example: ``<80e29bf7cccaf31431b3>``.
-purposes, or situations where you need the communication to be in plain text. The multi-hop
+
-transport, coordination, verification and reliability layers are fully autonomous and based on public
+By default Reticulum encrypts all data using public-key cryptography. Any message sent to a
-key cryptography.
+destination is encrypted with that destinations public key. Reticulum can also set up an encrypted
+channel to a destination with *Perfect Forward Secrecy* and *Initiator Anonymity* using a elliptic
+curve cryptography and ephemeral keys derived from a Diffie Hellman exchange on the SECP256R1 curve.
+In Reticulum terminology, this is called a *Link*.
+
+Reticulum also offers symmetric key encryption for group-oriented communications, as well as
+unencrypted packets for broadcast purposes, or situations where you need the communication to be in
+plain text. The multi-hop transport, coordination, verification and reliability layers are fully
+autonomous and based on public key cryptography.
 
 Reticulum can connect to a variety of interfaces such as radio modems, data radios and serial ports,
 and offers the possibility to easily tunnel Reticulum traffic over IP links such as the Internet or
 private IP networks.
 
+.. _understanding-destinations:
+
 Destinations
 ------------
 
@@ -127,57 +145,80 @@ destinations. Reticulum uses three different basic destination types, and one sp
     can by many.
 * **Plain**
     A *plain* destination type is unencrypted, and suited for traffic that should be broadcast to a
-    number of users, or should be readable by anyone.
+    number of users, or should be readable by anyone. Traffic to a *plain* destination is not encrypted.
 * **Link**
-    A *link* is a special destination type, that serves as an abstract channel between two *single*
+    A *link* is a special destination type, that serves as an abstract channel to a *single*
-    destinations, directly connected or over multiple hops. The *link* also offers reliability and
+    destination, directly connected or over multiple hops. The *link* also offers reliability and
-    more efficient encryption, and as such is useful even when nodes are directly connected.
+    more efficient encryption, forward secrecy, initiator anonymity, and as such can be useful even
+    when a node is directly reachable.
+
+.. _understanding-destinationnaming:
 
 Destination Naming
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Destinations are created and named in an easy to understand dotted notation of *aspects* , and
 represented on the network as a hash of this value. The hash is a SHA-256 truncated to 80 bits. The
-top level aspect should always be the a unique identifier for the application using the destination.
+top level aspect should always be a unique identifier for the application using the destination.
 The next levels of aspects can be defined in any way by the creator of the application. For example,
-a destination for a messaging application could be made up of the application name and a username,
+a destination for a environmental monitoring application could be made up of the application name, a
-and look like this:
+device type and measurement type, like this:
 
-.. code-block::
+.. code-block:: text
 
-   name: simplemessenger.someuser hash: 2a7ddfab5213f916dea
+   app name  : environmentlogger
+   aspects   : remotesensor, temperature
+
+   full name : environmentlogger.remotesensor.temperature
+   hash      : fa7ddfab5213f916dea
 
 For the *single* destination, Reticulum will automatically append the associated public key as a
 destination aspect before hashing. This is done to ensure only the correct destination is reached,
 since anyone can listen to any destination name. Appending the public key ensures that a given
 packet is only directed at the destination that holds the corresponding private key to decrypt the
-packet. It is important to understand that anyone can use the destination name
+packet.
-*simplemessenger.myusername* , but each person that does so will still have a different destination
-hash, because their public keys will differ. In actual use of *single* destination naming, it is advisable
-not to use any uniquely identifying features in aspect naming, though. In the simple messenger
-example, when using *single* destinations, we would instead use a destination naming scheme such
-as *simplemessenger.user* where appending the public key expands the destination into a uniquely
-identifying one.
 
-To recap, the destination types should be used in the following situations:
+**Take note!** There is a very important concept to understand here:
 
+* Anyone can use the destination name ``environmentlogger.remotesensor.temperature``
+
+* Each destination that does so will still have a unique destination hash, and thus be uniquely
+  addressable, because their public keys will differ.
+
+In actual use of *single* destination naming, it is advisable not to use any uniquely identifying
+features in aspect naming. Aspect names should be general terms describing what kind of destination
+is represented. The uniquely identifying aspect is always acheived by the appending the public key,
+which expands the destination into a uniquely identifyable one.
+
+Any destination on a Reticulum network can be addressed and reached simply by knowning its
+destination hash (and public key, but if the public key is not known, it can be requested from the
+network simply by knowing the destination hash). The use of app names and aspects makes it easy to
+structure Reticulum programs and makes it possible to filter what information and data your program
+receives.
+
+To recap, the different destination types should be used in the following situations:
 
 * **Single**
-    When private communication between two endpoints is needed. Supports routing.
+    When private communication between two endpoints is needed. Supports multiple hops.
 * **Group**
     When private communication between two or more endpoints is needed. More efficient in
-    data usage than *single* destinations. Supports routing indirectly, but must first be established
+    data usage than *single* destinations. Supports multiple hops indirectly, but must first be
-    through a *single* destination.
+    established through a *single* destination.
 * **Plain**
     When plain-text communication is desirable, for example when broadcasting information.
 
 To communicate with a *single* destination, you need to know it’s public key. Any method for
 obtaining the public key is valid, but Reticulum includes a simple mechanism for making other
-nodes aware of your destinations public key, called the *announce*.
+nodes aware of your destinations public key, called the *announce*. It is also possible to request
+an unknown public key from the network, as all participating nodes serve as a distributed ledger
+of public keys.
 
-Note that this information could be shared and verified in many other ways, and that it is therefore
+Note that public key information can be shared and verified in many other ways than using the
-not required to use the announce functionality, although it is by far the easiest, and should probably
+built-in methodology, and that it is therefore not required to use the announce/request functionality.
-be used if you are not confident in how to verify public keys and signatures manually.
+It is by far the easiest though, and should definitely be used if there is not a good reason for
+doing it differently.
+
+.. _understanding-keyannouncements:
 
 Public Key Announcements
 ------------------------
@@ -204,8 +245,11 @@ will be implicit in almost all cases. If a destination name is not entirely impl
 included in the application specific data part that will allow the receiver to infer the naming.
 
 It is important to note that announcements will be forwarded throughout the network according to a
-certain pattern. This will be detailed later. Seeing how *single* destinations are always tied to a
+certain pattern. This will be detailed later.
-private/public key pair leads us to the next topic.
+
+Seeing how *single* destinations are always tied to a private/public key pair leads us to the next topic.
+
+.. _understanding-identities:
 
 Identities
 ----------
@@ -227,51 +271,65 @@ application. Destinations created will then be linked to this identity to allow
 reach the user. In such a case it is of great importance to store the user’s identity securely and
 privately.
 
+.. _understanding-gettingfurther:
+
 Getting Further
 ---------------
 
 The above functions and principles form the core of Reticulum, and would suffice to create
 functional networked applications in local clusters, for example over radio links where all interested
-nodes can hear each other. But to be truly useful, we need a way to go further. In the next chapter,
+nodes can directly hear each other. But to be truly useful, we need a way to direct traffic over multiple
-two concepts that allow this will be introduced, *paths* and *resources*.
+hops in the network. In the next sections, two concepts that allow this will be introduced, *paths* and
+*links*.
+
+.. _understanding-transport:
 
 Reticulum Transport
 ===================
 
-I have purposefully avoided the term routing until now, and will continue to do so, because the
+The term routing has been purposefully avoided until now. The current methods of routing used in IP-based
-current methods of routing used in IP based networks are fundamentally incompatible for the link
+networks are fundamentally incompatible with the physical link types that Reticulum was designed to handle.
-types that Reticulum was designed to handle. These routing methodologies assume trust at the
+These routing methodologies assume trust at the physical layer, and often needs a lot more bandwidth than
-physical layer. Since Reticulum is designed to run over open radio spectrum, no such trust exists.
+Reticulum can assume is available.
-Furthermore, existing routing protocols like BGP or OSPF carry too much overhead to be
+
-practically useable over bandwidth-limited, high-latency links.
+Since Reticulum is designed to run over open radio spectrum, no such trust exists, and bandwidth is often
+very limited. Existing routing protocols like BGP or OSPF carry too much overhead to be practically
+useable over bandwidth-limited, high-latency links.
 
 To overcome such challenges, Reticulum’s *Transport* system uses public-key cryptography to
 implement the concept of *paths* that allow discovery of how to get information to a certain
-destination, and *resources* that help alleviate congestion and make reliable communication more
+destination, and *resources* that help make reliable data transfer more efficient.
-efficient and less bandwidth-hungry.
 
-Threading a Path
+.. _understanding-paths:
-----------------
+
+Reaching the Destination
+------------------------
 
 In networks with changing topology and trustless connectivity, nodes need a way to establish
-*verified connectivity* with each other. To do this, the following process is employed:
+*verified connectivity* with each other. Since the network is assumed to be trustless, Reticulum
+must provide a way to guarantee that the peer you are communicating with is actually who you
+expect. To do this, the following process is employed:
 
 
-* First, the node that wishes to establish connectivity will send out a special packet, that
+* | First, the node that wishes to establish connectivity will send out a special packet, that
     traverses the network and locates the desired destination. Along the way, the nodes that
     forward the packet will take note of this *link request*.
-* Second, if the destination accepts the *link request* , it will send back a packet that proves the
+
+* | Second, if the destination accepts the *link request* , it will send back a packet that proves the
     authenticity of it’s identity (and the receipt of the link request) to the initiating node. All
     nodes that initially forwarded the packet will also be able to verify this proof, and thus
     accept the validity of the *link* throughout the network.
-* When the validity of the *link* has been accepted by forwarding nodes, these nodes will
+
+* | When the validity of the *link* has been accepted by forwarding nodes, these nodes will
     remember the *link* , and it can subsequently be used by referring to a hash representing it.
-* As a part of the *link request* , a Diffie-Hellman key exchange takes place, that sets up an
+
+* | As a part of the *link request* , a Diffie-Hellman key exchange takes place, that sets up an
     efficient symmetrically encrypted tunnel between the two nodes, using elliptic curve
     cryptography. As such, this mode of communication is preferred, even for situations when
     nodes can directly communicate, when the amount of data to be exchanged numbers in the
     tens of packets.
-* When a *link* has been set up, it automatically provides message receipt functionality, so the
+
+* | When a *link* has been set up, it automatically provides message receipt functionality, so the
     sending node can obtain verified confirmation that the information reached the intended
     recipient.
 
@@ -280,37 +338,44 @@ recap what purposes this serves. We first ensure that the node answering our req
 one we want to communicate with, and not a malicious actor pretending to be so. At the same time
 we establish an efficient encrypted channel. The setup of this is relatively cheap in terms of
 bandwidth, so it can be used just for a short exchange, and then recreated as needed, which will also
+rotate encryption keys, but the link can also be kept alive for longer periods of time, if this is
+more suitable to the application. The amount of bandwidth used on keeping a link open is practically
+negligible. The procedure also inserts the *link id* , a hash calculated from the link request packet,
+into the memory of forwarding nodes, which means that the communicating nodes can thereafter reach each
+other simply by referring to this *link id*.
 
-rotate encryption keys (keys can also be rotated over an existing path), but the link can also be kept
+Step 1: Pathfinding
-alive for longer periods of time, if this is more suitable to the application. The amount of bandwidth
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-used on keeping a link open is practically negligible. The procedure also inserts the *link id* , a hash
-calculated from the link request packet, into the memory of forwarding nodes, which means that the
-communicating nodes can thereafter reach each other simply by referring to this *link id*.
-
-**Step 1, pathfinding**
 
 The pathfinding method builds on the *announce* functionality discussed earlier. When an announce
 is sent out by a node, it will be forwarded by any node receiving it, but according to some specific
 rules:
 
 
-* If this announce has already been received before, ignore it.
+* | If this announce has already been received before, ignore it.
-* Record into a table which node the announce was received from, and how many times in
+
+* | Record into a table which node the announce was received from, and how many times in
     total it has been retransmitted to get here.
-* If the announce has been retransmitted *m+1* times, it will not be forwarded. By default, *m* is
+
+* | If the announce has been retransmitted *m+1* times, it will not be forwarded. By default, *m* is
     set to 18.
-* The announce will be assigned a delay *d* = *ch* seconds, where *c* is a decay constant, by
+
+* | The announce will be assigned a delay *d* = c\ :sup:`h` seconds, where *c* is a decay constant, by
     default 2, and *h* is the amount of times this packet has already been forwarded.
-* The packet will be given a priority *p = 1/d*.
+
-* If at least *d* seconds has passed since the announce was received, and no other packets with a
+* | The packet will be given a priority *p = 1/d*.
+
+* | If at least *d* seconds has passed since the announce was received, and no other packets with a
     priority higher than *p* are waiting in the queue (see Packet Prioritisation), and the channel is
     not utilized by other traffic, the announce will be forwarded.
-* If no other nodes are heard retransmitting the announce with a greater hop count than when
+
+* | If no other nodes are heard retransmitting the announce with a greater hop count than when
     it left this node, transmitting it will be retried *r* times. By default, *r* is set to 2. Retries follow
-    same rules as above, with the exception that it must wait for at least *d = ch+1 + t* seconds, ie.,
+    same rules as above, with the exception that it must wait for at least *d* = c\ :sup:`h+1` + t seconds, ie.,
     the amount of time it would take the next node to retransmit the packet. By default, *t* is set to
     10.
-* If a newer announce from the same destination arrives, while an identical one is already in
+
+* | If a newer announce from the same destination arrives, while an identical one is already in
     the queue, the newest announce is discarded. If the newest announce contains different
     application specific data, it will replace the old announce, but will use *d* and *p* of the old
     announce.
@@ -319,17 +384,16 @@ Once an announce has reached a node in the network, any other node in direct con
 node will be able to reach the destination the announce originated from, simply by sending a packet
 addressed to that destination. Any node with knowledge of the announce will be able to direct the
 packet towards the destination by looking up the next node with the shortest amount of hops to the
-destination. The specifics of this process is detailed in *Path Calculation*.
+destination.
 
 According to these rules and default constants, an announce will propagate throughout the network
 in a predictable way. In an example network utilising the default constants, and with an average link
-
 distance of *Lavg =* 15 kilometers, an announce will be able to propagate outwards to a radius of 180
 kilometers in 34 minutes, and a *maximum announce radius* of 270 kilometers in approximately 3
-days. Methods for overcoming the distance limitation of *m * Lavg* will be introduced later in this
+days.
-chapter.
 
-**Step 2, link establishment**
+Step 2: Link Establishment
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 After seeing how the conditions for finding a path through the network are created, we will now
 explore how two nodes can establish reliable communications over multiple hops. The *link* in
@@ -338,25 +402,30 @@ as an abstract channel, that can be open for any amount of time, and can span an
 of hops, where information will be exchanged between two nodes.
 
 
-* When a node in the network wants to establish verified connectivity with another node, it
+* | When a node in the network wants to establish verified connectivity with another node, it
     will create a *link request* packet, and broadcast it.
-* The *link request* packet contains the destination hash *Hd* , and an asymmetrically encrypted
+
+* | The *link request* packet contains the destination hash *Hd* , and an asymmetrically encrypted
     part containing the following data: The source hash *Hs* , a symmetric key *Lk* , a truncated
     hash of a random number *Hr* , and a signature *S* of the plaintext values of *Hd* , *Hs* , *Lk* and *Hr*.
-* The broadcasted packet will be directed through the network according to the rules laid out
+
+* | The broadcasted packet will be directed through the network according to the rules laid out
     previously.
-* Any node that forwards the link request will store a *link id* in it’s *link table* , along with the
+
+* | Any node that forwards the link request will store a *link id* in it’s *link table* , along with the
     amount of hops the packet had taken when received. The link id is a hash of the entire link
     request packet. If the path is not *proven* within some set amount of time, the entry will be
     dropped from the table again.
-* When the destination receives the link request packet, it will decide whether to accept the
+
+* | When the destination receives the link request packet, it will decide whether to accept the
     request. If it is accepted, it will create a special packet called a *proof*. A *proof* is a simple
     construct, consisting of a truncated hash of the message that needs to be proven, and a
     signature (made by the destination’s private key) of this hash. This *proof* effectively verifies
     that the intended recipient got the packet, and also serves to verify the discovered path
     through the network. Since the *proof* hash matches the *path id* in the intermediary nodes’
     *path tables* , the intermediary nodes can forward the proof all the way back to the source.
-* When the source receives the *proof* , it will know unequivocally that a verified path has been
+
+* | When the source receives the *proof* , it will know unequivocally that a verified path has been
     established to the destination, and that information can now be exchanged reliably and
     securely.
 
@@ -372,17 +441,12 @@ of Reticulum, such a retransmission does not need to travel the entire length of
 If a packet is lost on the 8th hop of a 12 hop path, it can be fetched from the last hop that received it
 reliably.
 
-Crossing Continents
+.. _understanding-resources:
--------------------
 
-When a packet needs to travel farther than local network topology knowledge stretches, a system of
+Resources
-geographical or topological hinting is used to direct the packet towards a network segment with
+---------
-direct knowledge of the intended destination. This functionality is currently left out of the protocol
-for simplicity of testing other parts, but will be activated in a future release. For more information
-on when, refer to the roadmap on the website.
 
-Resourceful Memory
+TODO: Write
-------------------
 
 In traditional networks, large amounts of data is rapidly exchanged with very low latency. Links of
 several thousand kilometers will often only have round-trip latency in the tens of milliseconds, and
@@ -415,6 +479,8 @@ certain destination, and as such the network as a whole operates as a distribute
 For more details on how the caching works and is used, see the reference implementation source
 code.
 
+.. _understanding-referencesystem:
+
 Reference System Setup
 ======================
 
@@ -450,10 +516,9 @@ into the future. The current Reference System Setup is as follows:
 * **Channel Access Device**
     A data radio consisting of a LoRa radio module, and a microcontroller with open source
     firmware, that can connect to host devices via USB. It operates in either the 430, 868 or 900
-    MHz frequency bands. More details on the exact parts and how to get/make one can be
+    MHz frequency bands. More details can be found on the `RNode Page <https://unsigned.io/rnode>`_.
-    found on the website.
 * **Host device**
-    Any computer device running Linux and Python. A Raspberry Pi with Raspbian is
+    Any computer device running Linux and Python. A Raspberry Pi with a Debian based OS is
     recommended.
 * **Software stack**
     The current Reference Implementation Release of Reticulum, running on a Debian based
@@ -461,11 +526,13 @@ into the future. The current Reference System Setup is as follows:
 
 It is very important to note, that the reference channel access device **does not** use the LoRaWAN
 standard, but uses a custom MAC layer on top of the plain LoRa modulation! As such, you will
-need a plain LoRa radio module connected to an MCU with the correct Reticulum firmware. Full
+need a plain LoRa radio module connected to an MCU with the correct firmware. Full details on how to
-details on how to get or make such a device is available on the website.
+get or make such a device is available on the `RNode Page <https://unsigned.io/rnode>`_.
 
-With the current reference setup, it should be possible to get on a Reticulum network for around 70$
+With the current reference setup, it should be possible to get on a Reticulum network for around 100$
-even if you have none of the hardware already.
+even if you have none of the hardware already, and need to purchase everything.
+
+.. _understanding-protocolspecifics:
 
 Protocol Specifics
 ==================
@@ -474,30 +541,114 @@ This chapter will detail protocol specific information that is essential to the
 Reticulum, but non critical in understanding how the protocol works on a general level. It should be
 treated more as a reference than as essential reading.
 
+
 Node Types
 ----------
 
 Currently Reticulum defines two node types, the *Station* and the *Peer*. A node is a *station* if it fixed
-in one place, and if it is intended to be kept online at all times. Otherwise the node is a *peer*. This
+in one place, and if it is intended to be kept online most of the time. Otherwise the node is a *peer*.
-distinction is made by the user configuring the node, and is used to determine what nodes on the
+This distinction is made by the user configuring the node, and is used to determine what nodes on the
 network will help forward traffic, and what nodes rely on other nodes for connectivity.
 
+If a node is a *Peer* it should be given the configuration directive ``enable_transport = No``.
+
+If it is a *Station*, it should be given the configuration directive ``enable_transport = Yes``.
+
+
 Packet Prioritisation
 ---------------------
 
-*The packet prioritisation algorithms are subject to rapid change at the moment, and for now, they
+Currently, Reticulum is completely priority-agnostic regarding general traffic. All traffic is handled
-are not documented here. See the reference implementation for more info on how this functionality
+on a first-come, first-serve basis. Announce re-transmission are handled according to the re-transmission
-works.*
+times and priorities described earlier in this chapter.
 
-Path Calculation
+It is possible that a prioritisation engine could be added to Reticulum in the future, but in
-----------------
+the light of Reticulums goal of equal access, doing so would need to be the subject of careful
+investigation of the consequences first.
 
-*The path calculation algorithms are subject to rapid change at the moment, and for now, they are
-not documented here. See the reference implementation for more info on how this functionality
-works.*
 
 Binary Packet Format
 --------------------
 
-*The binary packet format is subject to rapid change at the moment, and for now, it is not
+.. code-block:: text
-documented here. See the reference implementation for the specific details on this topic.*
+
+    == Reticulum Wire Format ======
+
+    A Reticulum packet is composed of the following fields:
+
+    [HEADER 2 bytes] [ADDRESSES 10/20 bytes] [CONTEXT 1 byte] [DATA 0-477 bytes]
+
+    * The HEADER field is 2 bytes long.
+      * Byte 1: [Header Type], [Propagation Type], [Destination Type] and [Packet Type]
+      * Byte 2: Number of hops
+
+    * The ADDRESSES field contains either 1 or 2 addresses.
+      * Each address is 10 bytes long.
+      * The Header Type flag in the HEADER field determines
+        whether the ADDRESSES field contains 1 or 2 addresses.
+      * Addresses are Reticulum hashes truncated to 10 bytes.
+
+    * The CONTEXT field is 1 byte.
+      * It is used by Reticulum to determine packet context.
+
+    * The DATA field is between 0 and 477 bytes.
+      * It contains the packets data payload.
+
+    Header Types
+    -----------------
+    type 1          00  Two byte header, one 10 byte address field
+    type 2          01  Two byte header, two 10 byte address fields
+    type 3          10  Reserved
+    type 4          11  Reserved
+
+
+    Propagation Types
+    -----------------
+    broadcast       00
+    transport       01
+    reserved        10
+    reserved        11
+
+
+    Destination Types
+    -----------------
+    single          00
+    group           01
+    plain           10
+    link            11
+
+
+    Packet Types
+    -----------------
+    data            00
+    announce        01
+    link request    10
+    proof           11
+
+
+    +- Packet Example -+
+
+       HEADER FIELD             ADDRESSES FIELD             CONTEXT FIELD  DATA FIELD
+     _______|_______   ________________|________________   ________|______   __|_
+    |               | |                                 | |               | |    |
+    01010000 00000100 [ADDR1, 10 bytes] [ADDR2, 10 bytes] [CONTEXT, 1 byte] [DATA]
+     | | | |    |
+     | | | |    +-- Hops             = 4
+     | | | +------- Packet Type      = DATA
+     | | +--------- Destination Type = SINGLE
+     | +----------- Propagation Type = TRANSPORT
+     +------------- Header Type      = HEADER_2 (two byte header, two address fields)
+
+
+     +- Packet Example -+
+
+       HEADER FIELD    ADDRESSES FIELD    CONTEXT FIELD  DATA FIELD
+     _______|_______   _______|_______   ________|______   __|_
+    |               | |               | |               | |    |
+    00000000 00000111 [ADDR1, 10 bytes] [CONTEXT, 1 byte] [DATA]
+     | | | |    |
+     | | | |    +-- Hops             = 7
+     | | | +------- Packet Type      = DATA
+     | | +--------- Destination Type = SINGLE
+     | +----------- Propagation Type = BROADCAST
+     +------------- Header Type      = HEADER_1 (two byte header, one address field)